Influence, Causes, and Prevention of Gangsterism among Undergraduates in Kwara Central Nigeria: A Triangulation Study

Abstract

Gangsterism among university students has become a significant issue in Nigerian higher education institutions, especially in Kwara Central, where it threatens academic achievement, student safety, and the stability of the institutions. Although there is increasing concern about this issue, previous research has largely depended on single method approaches, which have restricted a thorough understanding of its complexities. Consequently, this study examined the impact, causes, and prevention of gangsterism among university students using a triangulation research design. A mixed methods approach was utilized, involving 160 undergraduates (80 from public institutions and 80 from private ones) chosen through stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using a validated self developed questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82), semi structured interviews, and institutional records and documents were reviewed using content analysis techniques. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t test, while the qualitativ e data were analysed thematically. The results demonstrated a notable difference in the impact of gangsterism depending on the type of school (t (158) = 2.87, p < 0.05), where students in public institutions showed higher mean scores (M = 3.08, SD = 0.81) compared to those in private institutions (M = 2.69, SD = 0.74). Key factors identified include peer influence, family background issues, insufficient institutional oversight, and exposure to violent media. Qualitative findings also suggested that inadequ ate counselling services and poor enforcement of disciplinary actions exacerbate students ’ participation in gang related behaviour. The research concludes that gangsterism among college students is a complex problem influenced by both personal and systemic variables. It advocates for the implementation of educational prevention programs, enhancement of campus counselling services, and cooperative efforts among institutions.