The Triple Bottom Line of Printing Enterprises in Accra: Evaluating Economic Performance, Environmental Sustainability and Social Responsibility

Abstract

The printing industry in Ghana plays a vital role in economic development but is increasingly scrutinised for its environmental and social impact. Despite global momentum toward sustainable enterprise models, limited research exists on how Ghanaian printing firms integrate economic, environmental, and social goals. This study addresses that gap by investigating the sustainability practices of printing enterprises in Accra using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework. Grounded in Stakeholder Theory, it explores the perspectives of press owners as key actors influencing sustainable practices within the sector. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, and observation. Twelve experienced participants were purposively selected from three major printing hubs: Accra New Town (5), Kokomlemle (4), and Kotobabi (3). Findings show that economic priorities dominate operational decisions, while environmental efforts are limited due to financial and regulatory barriers. Social responsibility varies by enterprise size, with larger firms demonstrating more structured CSR engagement. Furthermore, inconsistent stakeholder involvement has led to gaps in policy implementation. The study concludes that embedding sustainability nto operational strategies is essential for long-term sector resilience. It recommends strengthening stakeholder collaboration, implementing policy incentives to support green practices, and raising awareness of sustainable business models. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and sustainability advocates aiming to advance responsible business practices in Ghana’s printing sector.