Anthora: A conceptual framework for integrating indigenous songs into the kindergarten curriculum in Ghana

Abstract

This paper presents the Anthora (Anthology of Songs) conceptual framework, a model designed to guide kindergarten teachers in the systematic selection, categorisation, and application of indigenous songs for holistic child development. Developed in response to the 2019 Ghanaian Kindergarten Curriculum's emphasis on an integrated approach to the 4Rs (Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic, and cReative arts), the framework addresses a critical gap in teachers' pedagogical resources and skills. A qualitative case study in the Gomoa Central District, incorporating observations and interviews with 40 teachers, culminated in the collection and thematic categorisation of 78 indigenous Akan songs. The Anthora framework demonstrates how these songs can be strategically used to foster cognitive (numeracy, literacy), psychomotor (movement, coordination), and affective (moral values, cultural identity) development. This paper outlines the framework's structure, provides exemplar songs and teaching activities, and argues for its potential to make learning more meaningful, contextually relevant, and aligned with the goals of the national curriculum.