School Environment and Academic Achievement: A Comparative Analysis of Student Perceptions in Public and Private Senior High Schools in Ghana

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of school environments on academic performance in Ghanaian public and private senior high schools. Using quantitative methods, data from 190 students was collected through structured surveys that addressed physical infrastructure, social dynamics, and institutional support. Stratified random sampling ensured balanced representation from Life International School (private) and Tema Methodist Day Senior High School (public). Analysis through multiple regression and t-tests revealed significant relationships between environmental factors and academic outcomes. Both physical and social aspects of school settings substantially impact student achievement. Key factors include classroom maintenance, organised learning spaces, and teacher-student interactions. Despite private school students holding more positive perceptions of their learning environments, no significant difference in academic performance was found between public and private institutions, suggesting that factors beyond facilities, such as teaching quality and student motivation, play crucial roles. The findings underscore the need to improve public school infrastructure, foster stronger teacher-student relationships, and establish support systems to alleviate student anxiety and boost academic motivation. Results underscore the importance of nurturing educational atmospheres that foster achievement across both public and private schools.